1801년 1월 11일, 정순왕후는 노론이자 공서파攻西波인 영의정 심환지 등과 결탁하여, 정적인 남인들을 제거하고자 사교를 근절하라는 명령을 내렸다. 오가작통五家作統의 연좌제를 실시하여 천주교가 다시 싹조차 나지 않게 뿌리를 뽑고야 말겠다는 공개적 선전포고였다.

On the 11th day of the 1st lunar month in 1801, Queen Jeongsun, in collusion with Chief State Councilor Sim Hwan-ji, who was affiliated with the Old Doctrine faction and opposed to Western Learning, issued a royal edict. This edict aimed to eradicate heterodoxy in order to eliminate their political adversaries, the Southerners faction. This was a public declaration of war, explicitly stating the intention to uproot Catholicism entirely, preventing its resurgence through the implementation of the Five-household Mutual Surveillance System—a guilt-by-association system.