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Queen Jeongsun, the second queen of King Yeongjo, issued a ban on Catholicism with the political motive of removing the Southerners faction from influence after King Jeongjo’s passing. She expressed concerns, stating, “I hear that a man named Nuntteun draws a cross under his chin when he is at work. He may be doing so because such a thing is practiced in heterodoxy (Catholicism).”