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“Ringleader of Donghak, Choe Bok-sul (Choe Je-u), was executed by beheading. The determination of Choe Bok-sul being their ringleader was derived from his own confession and through an investigation. Consequently, orders were issued to the provincial vassals to carry out his decapitation in the presence of a large gathering of soldiers and people, aiming to raise the alarm among the general public.”